Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TMS-EEG signatures of glutamatergic neurotransmission in human cortex

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87533-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Group average of pre-drug TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) after stimulation of left motor cortex. Top panel: pre-drug TEPs averaged across all subjects (n = 16) and EEG electrodes for perampanel (red curve), dextromethorphan (blue curve), nimodipine (yellow curve) and placebo (black curve). Shades represent ± 1 SEM. The vertical gray bar represents the time window affected by the TMS artefact that was removed and interpolated. Bottom panel: pre-drug TEP topographies averaged across subjects (n = 16) and drug conditions. Each topography was obtained by averaging the signal in the respective TOI (P30: 16–34 ms, N45: 38–55 ms, P60: 56–82 ms, N100: 89–133 ms, P180: 173–262 ms). Data are voltages at sensor level (ranges indicated underneath the plots), while colors are normalized to maximum/minimum voltage. Figure generated with MATLAB R2016a ( https://www.mathworks.com ) and the Fieldtrip Matlab toolbox ( http://www.fieldtriptoolbox.org ).

Article Snippet: EEG data processing and analysis were performed using customized analysis scripts on MATLAB R2016a and the Fieldtrip open source MATLAB toolbox .

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TMS-EEG signatures of glutamatergic neurotransmission in human cortex

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87533-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Group average of TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) pre- and post-drug intake. ( A ) Each panel shows the average TEP time course across subjects and all EEG channels of pre-drug (blue curve) vs. post-drug measurements (red curve) for the four drug conditions. Shades represent ± 1 SEM. Significant differences between the pre- and post-drug measurements are indicated with horizontal black bars. ( B ) To better elucidate the drug-induced changes of TEP components shown in ( A ), the same average TEP time courses are displayed for significant channels only (cf. Fig. ). Shades represent ± 1 SEM. Figure generated with MATLAB R2016a ( https://www.mathworks.com ).

Article Snippet: EEG data processing and analysis were performed using customized analysis scripts on MATLAB R2016a and the Fieldtrip open source MATLAB toolbox .

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TMS-EEG signatures of glutamatergic neurotransmission in human cortex

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87533-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Topographical surface voltage maps for significantly different TMS-evoked EEG potential (TEP) components. ( A ) Topography of the P60 TEP before (left) and after (right) intake of perampanel (top row) and topography of the N45 TEP before (left) and after (right) intake of dextromethorphan (bottom row). ( B ) T -value statistical maps with channels belonging to significant electrode clusters (respective p-values are reported above the cluster topoplots) highlighted as black dots. Figure generated with MATLAB R2016a ( https://www.mathworks.com ) and the Fieldtrip Matlab toolbox ( http://www.fieldtriptoolbox.org ).

Article Snippet: EEG data processing and analysis were performed using customized analysis scripts on MATLAB R2016a and the Fieldtrip open source MATLAB toolbox .

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TMS-EEG signatures of glutamatergic neurotransmission in human cortex

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87533-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Topographical maps of absolute changes (in µV) in power values (Post–Pre) in the P60 TEP under the two different dosages of perampanel (12 mg vs. 6 mg). ( B ) t-value topography of the difference of the two effects obtained with cluster-based statistics. Channels where a statistically significant difference was expressed between (Post–Pre 12 mg) and (Post–Pre 6 mg) P60 are indicated by black dots (p = 0.02). Figure generated with MATLAB R2016a ( https://www.mathworks.com ) and the Fieldtrip Matlab toolbox ( http://www.fieldtriptoolbox.org ).

Article Snippet: EEG data processing and analysis were performed using customized analysis scripts on MATLAB R2016a and the Fieldtrip open source MATLAB toolbox .

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TMS-EEG signatures of glutamatergic neurotransmission in human cortex

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87533-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: TMS-induced EEG oscillations (TIOs) pre- and post-drug application. In each panel, topographical maps of z-transformed baseline-normalized TIOs before (PRE, left columns) and after (POST, right columns) drug administration for all tested drugs (first row: perampanel, second row: dextromethorphan, third row: nimodipine, fourth row: placebo). The frequency bands of interest (alpha: 8–12 Hz, beta: 13–30 Hz) and the post-stimulus times of interest (early: 30–200 ms, late: 200–400 ms) are displayed in the topoplots as indicated at the top of this figure. Cluster statistics did not reveal any significant difference between post-drug vs. pre-drug TIOs for any of the tested drugs and time–frequency regions. Figure generated with MATLAB R2016a ( https://www.mathworks.com ) and the Fieldtrip Matlab toolbox ( http://www.fieldtriptoolbox.org ).

Article Snippet: EEG data processing and analysis were performed using customized analysis scripts on MATLAB R2016a and the Fieldtrip open source MATLAB toolbox .

Techniques: Transformation Assay, Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TMS-EEG signatures of glutamatergic neurotransmission in human cortex

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87533-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: PARAFAC tensor decomposition of TMS-induced EEG oscillations (TIOs). Top row shows in the red square the time–frequency representation window employed for tensor decomposition analysis (the black lines denote the time–frequency intervals of the standard TIO analysis), and the topographies of the four tensor components (TCs) obtained from the induced data circled with four colors: blue, red, yellow and violet. The four TCs we obtained by extracting the most relevant components out of a 5D tensor with dimensions: Subject, Space, Drug Condition, Frequency, and Time. Bottom row, left plot: Drug-induced changes of the four tensors comparing pre- and post-drug data (PER, perampanel; DEX, dextromethorphan; NIM, nimodipine; PLA, placebo; the same colors as in top row indicate the different tensor components). Central plot: tensor frequency contents. Right plot: tensor time courses (time after the TMS pulse, in ms). Figure generated with MATLAB R2016a ( https://www.mathworks.com ) and the Fieldtrip Matlab toolbox ( http://www.fieldtriptoolbox.org ).

Article Snippet: EEG data processing and analysis were performed using customized analysis scripts on MATLAB R2016a and the Fieldtrip open source MATLAB toolbox .

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TMS-EEG signatures of glutamatergic neurotransmission in human cortex

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87533-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Strength differences of tensor components post–pre drug intake. The 16 histograms show the distribution of strength change post-drug vs. pre-drug out of 1000 iterations for the first (blue frame), second (red), third (yellow) and fourth (violet) tensor components. The shuffling of the data for creating the synthetic dataset was performed on the drug condition dimension. Within the histogram plots, the two vertical red lines define lowest and highest 2.5%. The green squares represent the post–pre difference in the original data (without shuffling). Significant increases were detected for the second and third tensor components after perampanel intake (p < 0.005 and p < 0.015, respectively). PER perampanel, DEX dextromethorphan, NIM nimodipine, PLA placebo, Pre pre-drug intake. Figure generated with MATLAB R2016a ( https://www.mathworks.com ).

Article Snippet: EEG data processing and analysis were performed using customized analysis scripts on MATLAB R2016a and the Fieldtrip open source MATLAB toolbox .

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TMS-EEG signatures of glutamatergic neurotransmission in human cortex

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87533-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the modulation of the N45 TEP by dextromethorphan and two classical benzodiazepines (alprazolam and diazepam, results adapted from Ref. , with the consent of the authors). ( A ) Voltage surface maps of the N45 TEP recorded pre- and post-drug intake. ( B ) T-statistic maps of the N45 cluster post- vs. pre-drug differences. Electrodes of the significant clusters are denoted by black dots. Figure generated with MATLAB R2016a ( https://www.mathworks.com ) and the Fieldtrip Matlab toolbox ( http://www.fieldtriptoolbox.org ).

Article Snippet: EEG data processing and analysis were performed using customized analysis scripts on MATLAB R2016a and the Fieldtrip open source MATLAB toolbox .

Techniques: Comparison, Generated